This is the ninth cycle under the European Semester system since its launch in 2011, but it is also the second set of CSRs launched since the proclamation of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) in November 2017. This year, a total of 96 of what could be called ‘package’ recommendations (as... Find out more

This background analysis surveys how, and for which groups of workers, European Union member states regulate reimbursement of travel, board and lodging costs. The report provides an overview of national and EU law and analyses how these costs are regulated in relation to the worker’s salary. It also... Find out more

This Foresight Brief examines whether digital labour platforms should be treated as private employment agencies. Platforms like LinkedIn may rightfully be perceived by the general public to be mere social networks, but underneath their sleek design, they also act as an employment service. This brief... Find out more

This Foresight Brief examines whether work has a future in the digital age. A recent wave of innovation mean machines are capable of taking over from humans an ever-wider range of tasks. Will this deprive humans of work, or force them to seek out jobs involving different tasks? Authors Gérard... Find out more

This paper provides an overview of the CSRs in the field of employment and social policies and, in particular, an update of previous similar ETUI research. It provides a brief ‘statistical’ comparison between the CSRs issued in 2018-2019 as adopted by Council in July 2018 and compares them to... Find out more

This timely new publication revisits the Social Scoreboard published by the European Commission (EC) on the 26th of April 2017. The European Commission’s Social Scoreboard proposes 35 indicators to monitor 12 areas of principles associated with the EPSR and provides an interactive tool to compare... Find out more

This paper provides an overview of the CSRs in the field of employment and social policies and, in particular, an update of previous similar ETUI research. It provides a brief ‘statistical’ comparison between the CSRs issued in 2017-2018 and those adopted by the European Council in the period from... Find out more

This background analysis looks at the development and success of two Chinese companies, Huawei and ZTE, as major players on the global market of telecommunications equipment producers. The case of both companies indicates the importance of integrated industrial policies and can serve as a wake-up... Find out more

As part of the European Semester, the main pillar of Europe's new economic governance, the Commission puts forward every year the 'country-specific recommendations' (CSRs). This background analysis provides an overview of the 2016 specific recommendations to the EU Member States in the field of... Find out more

As part of the European Semester, the main pillar of Europe's new economic governance, the Commission puts forward every year the 'country-specific recommendations' (CSRs). This background analysis provides an overview of specific recommendations to the EU Member States in the field of employment... Find out more