Policy recommendations • Co-opting the policy agendas of far-right parties is not a winning strategy for social democrats and trade unions because in most cases accommodation will probably alienate a large proportion of their traditional left-wing supporters. • ‘Copycat’ strategies that extend well... Find out more

Policy recommendations The regulatory regime pertaining to posted workers resolves the problem of continuity of coverage and contributions for migrant construction workers by situating social insurance in the sending country. This results, de facto, in a system that is complex, multi-jurisdictional... Find out more

Policy implications • Meaningful involvement of domestic stakeholders in the implementation of the national Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs) is key to ensuring the legitimacy of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). This is particularly true for social partners, also in light of the... Find out more

Key points • Collective bargaining has a critical role to play in closing and tackling the structural causes of the gender pay gap. • The Pay Transparency Directive contains new possibilities for trade unions and employers to use hypothetical comparisons in addressing the undervaluing of jobs... Find out more

Policy pointers The proposed economic governance rules should match the elevated importance they attribute to public investment, with fewer constraints on Member States to undertake the necessary investment to meet pressing common priorities, such as the just green transition and upward social... Find out more

Policy recommendations Rising labour shortages reflect structural shifts, including the digital and green transitions, as well as a cyclical component in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. The policy debate tends to focus on the need for skills and, where they are deemed to be missing, on bringing... Find out more

Key points and policy recommendations Despite substantial minimum wage increases, in almost half of the Member States with a statutory minimum wage, these were not sufficient to safeguard the purchasing power of minimum-wage earners in the current cost-of-living crisis. In order to better mitigate... Find out more

Policy recommendations • A critical mass of trade union members, i.e. beyond union activists, are willing to perform less-demanding tasks in support of their union; this is an internal union resource that is currently underutilised. As union tasks differ in terms of effort and time, they should be... Find out more

Key points Social media such as Facebook forces unions to increase communication with members and makes rank-and-file dissent highly visible. Challenges can arise as a result of different emphases on collective and connective logics between online networks and established unions. Union success on... Find out more

Policy implications The risk created by expanding the labour pool to workers based in other countries can, if necessary, be dealt with by EU legislative action, for example, through substantive EU employment law. Furthermore, the risk created by expanding the labour pool to workers based in non-EU... Find out more