Key points Social media such as Facebook forces unions to increase communication with members and makes rank-and-file dissent highly visible. Challenges can arise as a result of different emphases on collective and connective logics between online networks and established unions. Union success on... Find out more

Policy implications The risk created by expanding the labour pool to workers based in other countries can, if necessary, be dealt with by EU legislative action, for example, through substantive EU employment law. Furthermore, the risk created by expanding the labour pool to workers based in non-EU... Find out more

Policy recommendations The draft Directive on improving working conditions in platform work (Platform Work Directive) clarifies the employment status and working conditions of platform workers. Importantly, it also focuses on regulating algorithmic management. While a step in the right direction... Find out more

Policy recommendations Latin America will be amongst the regions most affected by climate change. Nevertheless, countries in this region strongly rely on resource extraction and carbon-intensive activities for economic development. Robust green and just-transition policies are crucial to achieving... Find out more

Policy recommendations The social dimension of the European Green Deal remains underdeveloped. The social and employment-related challenges of the green transition span many dimensions, such as job losses and employment transitions, reskilling and upskilling of the workforce, distributional effects... Find out more

Policy recommendations Work-related psychological risks (PSR) pose an ever-growing problem for modern labour. Awareness of the problem and approaches to its legal regulation vary across the EU. Many central and eastern European states still lag behind in addressing the problem in their national... Find out more

Policy recommendations With sustained and vigorous efforts from trade unions, labour provisions in trade agreements have been of some help to labour movements in some partner countries, but they could do much more if the lessons from recent examples are truly learned. Labour provisions should relate... Find out more

Policy implications European Works Councils (EWC) face many limitations in terms of timing and quality of information and consultation. One way of addressing this is through communication with board-level employee representatives. The mere presence of a board-level employee representative is not... Find out more

Policy implications Research shows that performance-related pay is becoming increasingly prevalent across the EU and that it contributes to pay inequalities between men and women. Men are more likely to receive performance-related pay, and in higher amounts, because it tends to be available in... Find out more

Policy considerations An over-inclusive application of EU competition rules restricts access to collective bargaining for self-employed workers, treating collective agreements as illegal cartel agreements. EU competition law neglects power imbalances in the labour market and the universal right to... Find out more