This publication focuses on practices in the labour market integration of asylum seekers and refugees in the main EU reception states in the post-2015 period. It takes a comparative approach highlighting areas of good practice across the countries while also examining integration barriers. A lack of co-ordinated action and solidarity at European level, more restrictive national policies due to political tailwinds and institutional barriers are key factors why member states have been unable to capitalise on the generally favourable labour market situation.

It is still remarkable that many of them have achieved faster labour market integration for refugees than in previous periods of immigration. At the same time, with hundreds of thousands of asylum seekers still
in limbo, with limited rights and in vulnerable situations (either waiting for a final decision or having been rejected), Europe faces a humanitarian crisis within its borders.

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Table of contents

Betwixt and between. Integrating refugees into the EU labour market_2021_WEB.pdf

Table of Content-Betwixt and between Integrating refugees into the EU labour market.pdf

Introduction-Main barriers to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers in key EU host countries.pdf

Chapter1-Mixed policy signals in Austria integration and non-integration in a time of uncertainty.pdf

Chapter2-Denmark from integration to repatriation.pdf

Chapter3-Finland integration of asylum seekers and refugees in a tightened policy framework.pdf

Chapter4-A reliance on diversified delivery the case of asylum seekers and refugees in France.pdf

Chapter5-Differential inclusion the labour market integration of asylum-seekers and refugees in Germany.pdf

Chapter6-Trapped in Greece is there any perspective for labour market integration.pdf

Chapter7-Migration at the crossroads. The inclusion of asylum seekers and refugees in the labour market in Italy.pdf

Chapter8-Permitted to work but lacking opportunities to integrate – asylum seekers and refugees on the mezzanine in Spain.pdf

Chapter9-Trade unions in solidarity, 2015 testimonials from the Austrian and German labour movements.pdf

List of contributors-Betwixt and between Integrating refugees into the EU labour market.pdf