Were national response measures to the energy crisis targeted, and were they social and climate friendly? These are the main questions addressed by this book, which examines whether and how short - term national responses to the cost of energy crisis applied social and ecological preferences. Europe has ‘survived’ two much-feared winters without... Find out more

Policy pointers The proposed economic governance rules should match the elevated importance they attribute to public investment, with fewer constraints on Member States to undertake the necessary investment to meet pressing common priorities, such as the just green transition and upward social convergence. More flexible safeguards on net public... Find out more

The central questions and main contextual background explored by this year’s issue of Benchmarking are, at their core, fairly straightforward. Europe is at a crossroads, painfully navigating four transitions at once: a (perhaps less than obvious) economic policy transition best exemplified by the debates surrounding the EU economic governance... Find out more

At the beginning of 2022, hopes were high that the Covid-19 pandemic was on the ebb and that the European Union (EU) would be able to focus again on the main challenge of this century: how to proactively tackle the green and digital transition in a socially fair and inclusive way. But the Russian invasion of Ukraine dashed these hopes. Realpolitik... Find out more